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Radiative double-electron capture (RDEC), in which two-electron capture is accompanied by simultaneousemission of a single photon, was investigated for fully stripped and one-electron projectiles colliding withgaseous and thin-foil targets. RDEC can be considered the inverse of double photoionization by a single photon.For the gaseous targets, measurements were done for 2.11 MeV/uF9+and F8+ions interacting with N2and Ne,while for the thin-foil target the measurements were done for 2.11 MeV/uF9+and F8+and 2.19 MeV/uO8+andO7+ions striking thin C targets. Reports on this work were already published separately in shorter accounts by LaMantiaet al.[Phys. Rev. Lett.124, 133401 (2020)for the gas targets andPhys.Rev.A102, 060801(R) (2020)forthe thin-foil targets]. The gas targets were studied under single-collision conditions, while the foil targets sufferedunavoidable multiple collisions. The measurements were carried out by detecting x-ray emission from the targetat 90◦to the beam direction in coincidence with outgoing ions undergoing double, single, and, in the caseof the foil targets, no charge change inside the target. Striking differences between the gaseous and foil targetswere found from these measurements, with RDEC for the gaseous targets occurring only in coincidence with q-2outgoing projectiles as expected, while RDEC for the foil targets was seen in each of the outgoing q-2, q-1, and nocharge-change states. The no charge-change result was totally unexpected. The cross sections for RDEC for thefully stripped ions on gas targets were found to be about six times larger than those for the one-electron projec-tiles. For the foil targets, the RDEC cross sections for the fully stripped and one-electron projectiles differ some-what from one another but not to the the extent they did for the gas targets. In this work the cross sections for allof the projectiles for the foil targets were adjusted due to the target contaminant background from potassium andcalcium atoms that existed in the spectra. Also, the cross sections for the incident one-electron projectiles weremodified due to a correction for the fraction of these ions that becomes fully stripped in passage through the foil.These differences are attributed to the effects of the multiple collisions that occur for the foil targets. The differ-ential cross sections at 90◦determined for each of the projectiles interacting with each of the targets are comparedwith each other and with the previous measurements. To the extent that the cross sections follow a sin2θdepen-dence, the total cross sections are compared with theoretical calculations [E. A. Mistonova and O. Yu. Andreev,Phys. Rev. A87, 034702 (2013)], for which the agreement is poor, with the measured cross section exceedingthe predicted ones by about an order of magnitude. Possible reasons for this discrepancy will be discussed.